- Weak leadership - unable to drive change
- Immature development practices; chaotic, adhoc, individual heroics, unpredictable software. Software is typically unreliable, re-introducing previously resolved issues, uncontrolled feature introduction, driven from development rather than Product Management. Features are typically what the organisation feels the customer wants rather than asking what is needed
- Lack of strategic direction, poor communication and lacking in organisational capability. The heroic nature of the majority of projects (both in development and delivery) has created a reliance on "key" people (the "heroes") for strategy and direction. However these staff lack knowledge and experience in areas where the business needs to improve; hence a continuous cycle of emergencies and disaster and an inability to analyse and learn from previous mistakes, or take on-board new ideas or thinking.