I applied online. The process took 2 weeks. I interviewed at SpaceX
Interview
I first received a prescreening call for the recruiter that went over my resume and had some questions including some technical questions. I then had an interview with the manager for the position with some more in depth in questions.
Multiple rounds of interviews ending with an all day onsite interview. Asked questions about background, classic textbook problems, and coworker interactions. Very technical and difficult. Lots of time spent trying to understand your thought process
4 rounds, 1 with technical recruiter, 1 with engineer, 1 with manager, and onsite. first 3 are over the phone. onsite was the challenge, consists of presentation, one-on-ones, and tour.
Rigorous but fairly reasonable in my experience. The technical problems often has a twist but if you have strong fundamentals you should be able to perform well. The recruiter and interviewers I interacted with are all very nice people.